The use of resources needs to be efficient to reduce environmental impacts of products. A holistic view on the product life cycle needs to be considered embracing the concept of the circular economy and life cycle management.  
This module introduces students to life cycle thinking, the concept of the circular economy and life cycle management. Students will be able to explain the concept of life cycle thinking (LCT) and evaluate the practicality of these approaches. Students will be able to discuss the strengths of the circular economy concept and the challenges in implementing circular economy concepts in industry. 

Topics include:  

1. Recyclingof goods and recycling technologies, 2. Natural resource utilisation such as wood for paper making, 3. The application of the circular economy concept for paper and steel making 4. Waste management approaches in different countries.